,

El trabajo ha comparado la producci&oacute;n y calidad de diferentes variedades de fresa sometidas a cuatro tratamientos de riego establecidos utilizando como referencia los coeficientes de cultivo para la variedad &lsquo;Sabrina&rsquo; (ETc Sab) durante la campa&ntilde;a 2016-2017. Las variedades estudiadas fueron &lsquo;Sabrina&rsquo;, &lsquo;Fortuna&rsquo;, &lsquo;Splendor&rsquo; y &lsquo;Primoris&rsquo;. Los resultados mostraron que las variedades difieren en sus necesidades h&iacute;dricas y por tanto no se ven afectadas de la misma manera por el recorte h&iacute;drico. Seg&uacute;n estos resultados, el uso de una u otra variedad puede representar un ahorro en torno a un 25% de agua.</p

The balance between fumarate and malate plays an important role in plant development and postharvest quality in tomato fruit

Organic acids, produced as intermediates of the tricarboxylic cycle, play a crucial role in the plant primary metabolism and are considered as being ones of the most important quality traits in edible fruits. Even if they are key metabolites in a multitude of cellular functions, little is known about their physiological relevance and regulation. Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing constitutively a bacterial maleate isomerase, which converts reversibly maleate to fumarate, were generated in order to improve our knowledge about the role of organic acids in the crop and fruit metabolism. Growth and reproduction were affected by the unbalance of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, as a dwarf phenotype and a flowering delay were observed in the transgenic plants. In addition, a delay in chlorophyll synthesis, a decrease in the numbers of stomata and significant changes in some photosynthetic parameters indicated alterations in central primary metabolism. Postharvest was also impaired, as transgenic fruits showed increased water lost and deterioration, indicating a possible role of the organic acids in cell wall metabolism. Finally, preliminary metabolomics analysis pointed out important changes during fruit ripening in flavor-related metabolites, such as acids and sugars, revealing the importance of organic acids in fruit metabolism. Taken together, these data indicate a pivotal role of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, such as malate or fumarate, as regulatory metabolites. Besides their role in quality fruit characteristics, they are involved in a multitude of functions including growth and photosynthesis.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Alteration of TCA in transgenic tomato plants shows a crucial role of organic acids in crop development and fruit quality

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is second most consumed vegetable in the world, but also a model plant for the study of fleshy fruit ripening and senescence owing to its genetic and molecular tractability. Organic acids play a crucial role in the plant primary metabolism (Araújo et al., 2012) and are considered as being ones of the most important fruit quality traits (Oms-Oliu et al., 2011). Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing constitutively a bacterial maleate isomerase, which converts maleate to fumarate, were generated in order to improve our knowledge about the role of organic acids in the crop and fruit metabolism. Growth and reproduction were affected by the unbalance organic acids, as a dwarf phenotype and a flowering delay were observed in the transgenic plants. In addition, a lower level in chlorophyll content, a decrease in the numbers of stomata indicated alterations in photosynthesis. Postharvest was also impaired, as transgenic fruits showed increased water loss and deterioration, indicating a possible role of the organic acids in the cell wall metabolism, confirm by changes in the expression of some genes involve in. Finally, metabolomics analysis pointed out important changes during fruit ripening in primary metabolites metabolites, such as organic acids, amino acids, and sugars, revealing the importance of organic acids in fruit metabolism. These data indicate a pivotal role of tricarboxylic cycle intermediates, such as malate or fumarate, as regulatory metabolites. Besides their roles in quality fruit characteristics, they are involved in different functions including growth and photosynthesis.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Metabolic changes through a bacterial enzyme Maleate Isomerase in transgenic Tomato plants reveal the role of organic acids in fruit quality and crop growth.

Organic acids are of fundamental importance in all plant species. They have been clearly described to have roles as important as photosynthate, energy production, carbon storage, biosynthesis of amino acids, stomatal conductance, and plant-microbe interactions (REF). In addition to these varied roles, organic acids are important for taste, being responsible for sourness and contributing to the flavour. Acidity is also one of the main ripening indices that determines the harvest date of fruits. But, in addition, in the fruit of tomato has shown that the levels of this acid are related to the maintenance of the quality of the fruit in post-harvest (Centeno et al., 2011; Lopez et al., 2015). Understanding the mechanistic basic of ripening regulation and postharvest has been the focus of industry. In particular, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has special importance since it is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide (http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E). Also, tomato has emerged as the pre-eminent experimental model for studying fleshy fruit, including the developmental control of ripening and ethylene synthesis and perception (Carrari and Fernie, 2006; Hyang et al., 2009). In this study, we investigated the photosynthesis and primary metabolome, of leaves and fruits jointly with ripening-related gene expression of fruit from transgenic tomato plants overexpressing a bacterial maleate isomerase gene to better understand the factors that influence the concentration of two important acids, fumarate and malate, in fruit and plant. In the transgenic plants we observed dwarf phenotype, flowering delay, and alteration in postharvest life. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis allowed us to assess the changes of amino acids, sugars and organic acids during fruit ripening and leaf development of the transgenic plants indicating a pivotal role of malate and fumarate, as regulatory metabolites.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research